A Tale of Sweet Legacy
The mango, often hailed as the "king of mangoes," holds cultural and historical significance in India that spans over 4000 years. This luscious fruit has woven itself into the fabric of Indian society, becoming a symbol of love, prosperity, and divine sweetness. Its journey through Indian history is a captivating tale of agricultural innovation, culinary tradition, and cultural symbolism.
Ancient Beginnings
The earliest mention of mangoes in India dates back to around 2000 BCE, with references found in ancient texts and scriptures such as the Vedas and Puranas. The Sanskrit word for mango, 'Amra,' is frequently mentioned, highlighting its significance in early Indian culture. The mango was not just a fruit but a symbol of life and happiness, often used in religious ceremonies and offerings to the gods.
Mythology and Religion
Mangoes hold a special place in Hindu mythology. According to legend, Lord Shiva and Parvati were once offered a mango by the gods, which was to be given to their son, Kartikeya. This story underscores the fruit's sacredness and its association with divine favour. Additionally, mango leaves are considered auspicious and are used in various religious rituals and ceremonies, symbolising purity and prosperity.
In Buddhism, the mango tree is revered as well. It is believed that Buddha performed miracles under the shade of a mango tree, further cementing its spiritual significance.
The Gupta Empire and Beyond
During the Gupta Empire (320-550 CE), mangoes became a symbol of royal patronage and luxury. The Gupta kings promoted the cultivation of mangoes, and the fruit began to be enjoyed by the elite and commoners alike. The era saw the development of many famous mango varieties, thanks to the encouragement of horticulture and agriculture.
Mangoes were also celebrated in ancient Indian literature. The renowned Sanskrit poet Kalidasa wrote about the beauty and sweetness of the mango in his works, elevating its status in cultural and literary circles.
Medieval Period: The Mughal Influence
The medieval period saw the mango's status elevated to new heights under the Mughal Empire. The Mughals, particularly Emperor Akbar, were ardent lovers of the fruit. Akbar is said to have planted an orchard with 100,000 mango trees, known as Lakhi Bagh, near Darbhanga in Bihar.
The Mughal emperors not only enjoyed mangoes but also played a significant role in developing new varieties. The grafting techniques introduced during this period led to the creation of many superior mango types, including the famous Alphonso and Dasheri mangoes. The mango became a staple in Mughal cuisine, featuring prominently in desserts, salads, and pickles.
Colonial Period to Modern Day
The arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century brought further evolution in mango cultivation. They introduced advanced grafting techniques, which resulted in the development of even more refined varieties. The Alphonso mango, named after the Portuguese general Afonso de Albuquerque, is a product of this period.
In contemporary India, mangoes continue to hold a cherished place.
The fruit is integral to Indian summers, with families eagerly awaiting the mango season to enjoy its various forms—raw, ripe, in desserts, or as refreshing beverages like mango lassi and aamras. Mango festivals celebrate the diverse varieties grown across the country, from the Banganapalli in Andhra Pradesh to the Langra in Uttar Pradesh.
Cultural Significance
Beyond its culinary appeal, the mango is a cultural icon in India. It appears in folk songs, regional festivals, and art, symbolising the arrival of summer and the joys it brings. The fruit is also a popular motif in traditional Indian textiles, such as the paisley design, which is said to be inspired by the shape of a mango.
The 4000-year cultural history of mangoes in India is a testament to the fruit's deep-rooted significance in the country's heritage. From ancient rituals to royal gardens and modern-day kitchens, mangoes have been a constant, sweet companion to the Indian people.
As we savour the delicious Alphonso mangoes each season, we are not just enjoying a fruit but partaking in a rich legacy that has been nurtured through millennia.